Wovens

Definition: In plain weave fabric the warp and weft threads alternatively cross over and under each other. This is the most simple form of woven fabric.

Use: Some examples of plain weave fabrics are canvas, broadcloth, chambray, chiffon, georgette, shantung, flannel, muslin, poplin, voile, etc. Plain weave fabrics are strong and have no stretch unless the threads are elastic.

Definition: Twill weave fabric has diagonal parallel ridges which are created when the weft thread passes over multiple warp threads then under the next warp threads in the same pattern.

Use: Twill is generally woven more closely and is therefore a stronger, more durable fabric. Denim is usually a twill.

Definition: Basket weave fabric is made when two or more threads are lifted above or lowered under the next perpendicular threads repeatedly.

Use: Basket weave fabrics are not as stable as plain weave fabrics and frays more easily. Some examples of basket weave fabrics include monk’s cloth and oxford. These fabrics will only stretch on the bias unless the threads are elastic.

Definition: In a satin weave the warp thread goes over four or more weft threads and is then tied down with one thread.

Use: Satin weave fabrics are smooth, and have a glossy face and a dull back. The satin weave allows for a higher shine fabric because light doesn’t scatter as much when it hits the threads. Satin weaves snag easily due to the large floats of the warp threads.

Definition: Jacquard is characterized by the warp threads that cross over and under various amounts of weft threads which creates an intricate pattern. The pattern is visible on the face and reverse of the fabric.

Use: Jacquard is durable, wrinkle resistant, and frequently heavy weight. The design created on a jacquard won’t fade or wear off, making it an optimal fabric for upholstery. Jacquard is costly to manufacture as the weaving process is time consuming and laborious. 

Definition: A dobby weave can only be made on a special dobby loom. The fabric is characterized by the manipulation of the warp threads which creates a small geometric texture.

Use: Dobby weaves are flexible and a bit thicker than plain weaves. They are inexpensive to manufacture and provide more texture than plain weaves while not being as complicated as a jacquard. 

Definition: Herringbone is a broken twill weave meaning the direction of twill shifts in parallel columns. The texture resembles the skeleton of a herringbone fish. Herringbone is tightly woven, strong, and durable.

Use: Satin weave fabrics are smooth, and have a glossy face and a dull back. The satin weave allows for a higher shine fabric because light doesn’t scatter as much when it hits the threads. Satin weaves snag easily due to the large floats of the warp threads.

Definition: Ribbed weaves are constructed using the same mechanics as a plain weave but exchanges either its warp or weft threads for a thicker yarn. Ribbed weaves are smooth, durable, but fray easily.

Use: Ribbed weave is a textile pattern characterized by raised, ridged lines running across the fabric, created by alternating thicker and thinner yarns. This structure adds texture and durability,  making it ideal for upholstery, outerwear, and accessories like ties and scarves. The ribbed effect not only enhances the fabric's aesthetic appeal but also provides a subtle stretch, improving comfort and fit in garments.

Definition: The pile is the raised part of the fabric. Piles in a fabric have height, a nap, and are frequently used for rugs. These piles can be cut resulting in a velvet effect. Uncut piles result in a terry fabric.

Use: Pile weave is a textile technique where loops or cut threads stand upright from the fabric base, creating a soft, plush surface. Commonly used in carpets, velvet, and towels, pile weave adds a luxurious texture and enhances the fabric's warmth and absorbency. The raised surface of the pile also provides a tactile appeal, making it ideal for products that prioritize comfort and softness.